SURD, an algorithm, reveals causal links in complex systems. Applications may include forecasting climate to projecting population growth to designing efficient aircraft. Getting to the heart of ...

Getting to the heart of causality is central to understanding the world around us. What causes one variable — be it a biological species, a voting region, a company stock, or a local climate — to ...

Many important phenomena, concerning ecosystems, societies, our health, or even science itself, are more than the simple sum of their parts. Complex systems are what emerge when basic building blocks ...

It is an underappreciated irony that talking about complex systems is difficult. “There is no clear definition of complex systems,” says Kunihiko Kaneko, a physicist at the University of Tokyo. “But ...

Ragnar van der Merwe received funding from the John Templeton Foundation as part of the project The Evolution of Complexity hosted at Bath University. Alex Broadbent received funding from the John ...