With the highest possible spatial resolution of less than a millionth of a millimetre, electron microscopes make it possible to study the properties of materials at the atomic level and thus ...

The Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation is the best known mathematical model in molecular quantum mechanics. Named after Max Born and J. Robert Oppenheimer, the approach was proposed during an early ...

Quantum-physical fundamentals can be studied particularly well by the interactions between electrons and photons. Excited with laser light, for example, the energy, mass or velocity of the electrons ...