Staged reconstruction repair of bladder exstrophy results in hydronephrosis or renal scarring in 15–25% of patients. A cosmetically acceptable and functional phallus can be achieved in 85% of patients ...

The humble bladder is now the world’s first bioengineered internal organ to work in people. Several years after surgery, seven young patients who received lab-grown bladders are doing just fine, ...

A cystoscopy is a procedure that involves inserting a tool into the urethra and up into the bladder to examine these organs. The tool is a cystoscope — a thin, flexible instrument with a light and a ...