This article, the first part of three, explores the normal anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system - arteries and veins - including the main arteries and veins and blood pressure recording ...

This is the first article in a new series on the anatomy and physiology of ageing. The series explores normal age-related changes that occur in the anatomy and physiology of the major organ systems ...

Reference Article: Facts about the human circulatory system. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works.

The field of intracrine physiology attempts to codify the biological actions of intracrines—extracellular signaling proteins or peptides that also operate in the intracellular space, either because ...

The coronary sinus (CS) refers to a collection of veins that join together to form a large blood vessel. This vein is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. A collection ...

Heart rate is measured in beats per minute (bpm). During exercise the heart rate increases so that sufficient blood is taken to the working muscles to provide them with enough nutrients and oxygen. An ...