Figure 4. A snapshot, in time, of two complex numbers whose exponents, and thus their phase angles, change with time. The notion of negative frequency is often troubling to engineers who've spent so ...

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) was, a few decades ago, a relatively obscure field associated with the mathematics of numerical analysis. As computers have become cheaper and faster, it is now ...

Sigma-delta converters are in wide use among applications that demand high precision and accuracy. A variant of the sigma-delta architecture, called the continuous-time sigma delta (CT-S?), has found ...

This Design Brief introduces a computationally efficient network that computes the derivative of a discrete time-domain (digital) sequence. While recursive differentiating networks exist, this article ...