Liquid–solid phase transformation at interfaces is fundamental to many industrial, geological and biological processes. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 For ...

Crystal growth may take place under a variety of conditions, the most important parameters being the flux of new particles (atoms) onto the existing surface, the cooling process and associated surface ...

Within several industries, including pharma, cosmetics, inks, coatings, chemicals, food, and more, there are numerous ways to make nanoparticles. A real-time monitoring tool is lacking in commonly ...

Scientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at www ...