Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and difference equations serve as complementary tools in the mathematical modelling of processes evolving in continuous and discrete time respectively. Together ...

Comprehensive introduction to analysis of continuous and discrete-time signals and systems. Linear time-invariant systems, convolution; Fourier series representations of periodic signals; Continuous ...

Sigma-delta converters are in wide use among applications that demand high precision and accuracy. A variant of the sigma-delta architecture, called the continuous-time sigma delta (CT-S?), has found ...

Researchers demonstrate a novel method for transforming continuous time crystals into discrete ones using subharmonic injection locking, offering new insights into ...