Keywords: Retrofitting. Braced steel truss bridge piers. Eccentrically braced frames. Self-stabilizing tubular links. Seismic load resisting systems. Finite element (FE) analyses. Parametric studies.

Keywords: Retrofitting. Braced steel bridge piers. Proof-of-concept testing. Eccentrically braced frames. Tubular links. Construction. Seismic design. Vulnerability. Recommendations. Hybrid links.

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...