As global reserves of conventional crude oil continue to decline, increased reliance on heavy and ultraheavy feedstocks will result in higher upgrading costs and more importantly a comparatively ...

Cyclic steam injection is a common method of oil extraction in California in which steam is injected at high pressure into a heavy-oil formation. The process is largely unregulated and has been blamed ...

Selective extraction of asphaltenes (SELEX-Asp) technology-a solvent-based physical separation process capable of selectively removing asphaltenes as dry granulates in heavy crude oils and petroleum ...