Background A 57-year-old man presented with dyspnea and presyncope on exertion. He had previously been diagnosed with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and atrial fibrillation. A soft (grade II/VI), ...

A diagnosis of fistula is particularly likely to be incorrect in situations where there is no reasonable cause, or when bilateral fistula is diagnosed. A fistula test, which entails making a sensitive ...