This column is the fourth in a series on parameter estimation, leading up to the justly famous Kalman filter. The discipline is based on the fact that our knowledge of the state of any real-world ...

Many ADC are used to measure the level or magnitude of static signals. Applications include the measurement of weight, pressure and temperatures. These applications involve low-level signals which ...

Schematics of particle motion and velocity distribution function (velocity histogram) for low temperature (left) and high temperature (right) plasmas. Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not ...