The semiconductor manufacturing process involves many steps, including, but not limited to, film deposition, photolithography, etching, and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Contamination can ...

Process analytical technology (PAT), a quality assurance program for the pharmaceutical industry developed by the US Food and Drug Administration, enables pharmaceutical manufacturers to control ...

Monitoring total organic carbon (TOC) (i.e., organics monitoring) is an excellent method for ensuring your industrial processes are under control and your equipment is protected. The goal is to ...

Bioprocess monitoring is rapidly becoming a tool for achieving process understanding and control and, ultimately, for realizing high yields and quality product. Understanding which analytes matter ...

The cell culture pilot plant at Genentech runs hundreds of E. coli fermentation experiments to help develop part of the company’s pipeline. The pilot plant is a non-GMP facility that supports process ...

With UNIX having many tasks running simultaneously, through the years developers have incorporated several command-line tools that allow for live process management ...

Bioreactors have become irreplaceable tools in bioprocessing, revolutionizing the production of many biotechnological products. 1,2 They offer optimized and controlled environments to enhance cell ...