Background A 59-year-old man was admitted to hospital for investigation of a 1-year history of intermittent hematuria. He had undergone ileal ureteral replacement for left renal stones 36 years ...

1. Which doctors perform percutaneous nephrolithotomy? Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is performed by an urologist. 2. What are the other procedures used to treat kidney stones? Smaller kidney stones ...

For patients with kidney stones measuring one to two centimeters, a technique called mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) provides a higher stone elimination rate than another minimally ...

Figure 1. CT of the abdomen without contrast showing large subcapsular hematoma in the left kidney (arrow). A computed tomography scan of the abdomen without contrast revealed an 11.6 x 4.4x 10.2 cm ...