Molding the flow of light—whether confined to localized regions or propagating in free space—remains crucial for modern integrated photonics. The advancement of the multi-channel, programmable optical ...

Figure 1. (A, B) Structural design of the topological polycrystal and its frequency supercurvature distribution in the synthetic hybrid space. (C, D) Supercell projected band structure at a specific ...

Naturally occurring and synthetic materials are often 'polycrystalline', comprised of single-crystalline grains bonded to one another across interfaces known as grain boundaries. Grain boundaries are ...

Most crystalline materials are polycrystals, such as metals. They are composed of many small crystalline grains with different lattice orientations. The interface between two crystalline grains, i.e., ...