Studies have demonstrated a critical role of the cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25, produced by epithelial and other cells at mucosal surfaces in response to a wide range ...

In the broadest sense, immunomodulators are drugs that adjust immune responses, for example, modulation of cytokine levels. Cytokines are signaling proteins responsible for the regulation of immune ...

(a) Gluten is ingested and digested, reaching the gut lumen as gliadin peptides; (b) Gliadins are a prime substrate for deamidation and cross-linking by luminal transglutaminases. These ...

Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) are produced in large quantities locally in the joints and subsequently enter the bloodstream. TNF-α and IL-6 may promote LDL metabolism by ...

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry and scaly skin lesions, affects about 7.5 million people in the United States. Psoriasis results from abnormal proliferation of ...

Autoimmune diseases stem from a complicated interplay of immune dysregulation, characterized by chronic inflammation and the loss of self-tolerance. Cytokines are central to these processes. These ...