The proton gradients that power respiration are as universal as the genetic code itself, giving an insight into the origin of life and the singular origin of complexity. Why do virtually all cells ...

Jesús Vázquez Cobos, Iván López-Montero, Enrique Calvo Alcocer, Pablo Hernansanz Agustín, Carmen Morales Vidal, José Antonio Enríquez, Rebeca Acín Pérez, Sara Jaroszewicz and José Luis Cabrera Alarcón ...

High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are highly promising for next-generation aviation, as they can operate above 160 °C and tolerate impurities in the fuel. However, they ...

Until recently, this gradient was attributed to potassium, the most abundant cation in cells, but the study by Enríquez and ...