In this lesson, students build two circuits and explore how transistors function. When Bell Labs introduced the transistor in June of 1948, a spokesman proudly announced "This cylindrical object . . .

A variety of logic-circuit techniques have been in use since the 1960s, when integrated logic first came into existence. In the beginning was Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL). Then came ...

Just as the common emitter amplifier and common base amplifier each tied those respective transistor terminals to a fixed potential and used the other two terminals as amplifier input and output, so ...