Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are also called initial value problems because a time zero value for each first-order differential equation is needed. The following is an example of a ...

Boundary value problems (BVPs) and partial differential equations (PDEs) are critical components of modern applied mathematics, underpinning the theoretical and practical analyses of complex systems.

Boundary value problems in differential equations constitute a fundamental area of study in mathematical science, where solutions to differential equations are sought under prescribed conditions ...