Pity the poor TTL computer aficionado. It’s an obsession, really — using discrete logic chips to scratch-build a computer that would probably compare unfavorably to an 80s era 8-bit machine in terms ...

In previous columns we’ve looked at TTL and CMOS logic devices in isolation. Things start to become interesting if we wish to use TTL and CMOS components in the same circuit. In previous columns we’ve ...

The history and continued need of small-scale integration ICs for digital-logic functions. How a serial-input/parallel-output shift register can expand I/O pins while ...

More undocumented applications for the 555 ‘oscillator:’ Not all applications oscillate as we will see. Most are knowledgeable about common CMOS logic inverters and Schmitt triggers such as the 74HC04 ...