Researchers synthesize recombinant proteins in cell-free extracts to verify the identity of cloned genes, to study protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid, and protein-drug interactions, and to carry ...

Cells are, at a fundamental level, protein-production facilities. So naturally, when researchers need to make some particular protein, they should let the cells do the work for them. But living cells ...

To support drug discovery, a new study has revealed fundamental features of the transcription cycle in the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.

Inside every cell, thousands of molecular signals collide, overlap, and compensate, obscuring the true drivers of gene expression. Scientists have now developed a way to silence that cellular noise, ...

Transcription factors are an essential part of gene expression. Some of these proteins are known as master regulators, and they can have an impact on many different biochemical pathways and processes ...

A new study has uncovered new genetic rules that determine how CD8 “killer” T cells choose between becoming long-lasting, protective immune cells or slipping into exhausted, dysfunctional states.

T-bet expression is required for persistence of memory B cells that have rapid differentiation potential to become antibody-producing plasma cells in response to a second infection BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – ...

Programmed responses to external stimuli and stress allow cells to adapt to changing environmental conditions, and are critical for cellular survival. mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) ...

Proteoforms, the diverse molecular variants of proteins, are key to understanding cellular functions, disease mechanisms, and biomarker discovery in proteomics.