THE second virial coefficient of krypton was determined for temperatures ranging from 109.95° K. to 270.3° K. The experimental technique has been described 1,2; one measures the difference between the ...

One of the challenges in biopharmaceutical development is measuring the 3-d structure of the active protein. The diffraction of X-ray beams through a crystalline structure can be measured to produce a ...

Abstract: A virial relation is an integral identity involving the solution of a differential equation. The identity can be derived from the equation itself or, if the equation can be formulated as a ...

The new, international theoretical study introduces a novel approach known as the ‘quantum virial expansion,’ offering a powerful tool to uncover the complex quantum interactions in two-dimensional ...

Static light scattering (SLS) is a non-invasive technique used for characterizing macromolecules in solution. A beam of monochromatic light is directed through a sample and the intensity of the light ...

This article presents an easy and simple spreadsheet procedure for custody-transfer calculations of the base compressibility factor for any pair of pressure and temperature conditions. The procedure ...

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique used to determine particle size distributions of bioformulations. Traditionally, DLS measurements have been used for studying dilute solutions, but ...