Dispersive shock waves (DSWs) represent a class of nonlinear wave phenomena in which phase dispersion, rather than viscosity or dissipation, governs the evolution of abrupt changes in a medium. Unlike ...

Research into ionospheric wave generation and modulation has significantly enhanced our understanding of the upper atmosphere’s dynamic behaviour. Ionospheric waves arise from the interplay between ...

Modulation is the process of varying a higher frequency carrier wave to transmit information. Though it is theoretically possible to transmit baseband signals (or information) without modulating it, ...

Electromagnetic energy in the terahertz region of the spectrum – nominally 300 GHz/0.3 THz to 10 THz, although some consider it to start at 100 GHz/0.1 THz – presents a technical dilemma. On one hand, ...