Bacteria and archaea use a variety of mechanisms to protect themselves against viral infections and the invasion of other mobile genetic elements such as plasmids. Accordingly, viruses evolve ...

All complex life forms on Earth, including plants and animals, are made up of eukaryotic cells; they are more sophisticated than bacterial or archaeal cells, which are prokaryotic. Eukaryotes have ...

A new method exposes key details of the mechanism behind calcium signaling in prokaryotes for the first time. Working in a Listeria monocytogenes model, researchers from Umeå University (Sweden) led ...