The beating heart of most electronic systems today is the crystal oscillator. While devices based on microelectromechanical-system (MEMS) technology are definitely making inroads in this application, ...

Today, the majority of electronic circuits (including microprocessors, microcontrollers, FPGAs, and CPLDs) are based on clocked logic, requiring a timing source. Depending on the frequency accuracy ...

There are many crystal oscillator configurations, but the circuit you are most likely to encounter if you work with digital circuitry is the Pierce oscillator. You’ll find it implemented using ...

Appropriately cut quartz crystals can be used as high-quality electromechanical resonators. Their piezoelectric properties (voltage across the crystal deforms it; deforming the crystal generates a ...

Crystal oscillators are fundamental components in modern electronic systems, providing the precise timing necessary for communication, computation, and sensor network operations. Recent advances in ...

Fig 1. This Pierce-series resonant oscillator can reliably start at supply voltages as low as 2.4 V. It also draws very low current, ensuring long battery life. Fig 2. An oscilloscope photo shows the ...