The science of male fertility remains a complex and complicated subject.

fDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne and the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia ...

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is more than a fertility issue; it's a silent epidemic of accelerated systemic aging in young women, with current treatments failing to address its root cause.

Non-neurological features are presented as a diagnostic aid. ++=very common finding (≥50 % of patients). +=common finding (<50% of patients). (+)=described but uncommon finding (<3 known patients).

Objective: We aimed to investigate the role of testosterone to estradiol ratio in predicting the effectiveness of human chorionic gonadotropin and testosterone treatments in male hypogonadism.

Magnus Leidland is a specialty registrar and has previously worked at Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital. The author has completed the ICMJE form and declares no conflicts of interest. Britt Undheim is a ...