One of the most challenging aspects of astrobiology and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) is anticipating what life and extraterrestrial civilizations will look like. Invariably, we ...

James is a published author with multiple pop-history and science books to his name. He specializes in history, space, strange science, and anything out of the ordinary.View full profile James is a ...

How Can We Usefully Measure Technology Progress? Can we have a scale that is immune to the Technology Singularity? Can we compare humanity on a common scale with animals and aliens? It is possible and ...

THE KARDASHEV SCALE. We have no idea what an alien civilization would look like. Humans are evolved primates. What if an alien species is reptilian? Or more like an insect? Or a hybrid of these? Or ...

Elon Musk recently highlighted how far human civilisation remains from advancing on the cosmic energy scale, referencing the Kardashev scale, which measures a civilisation's technological advancement ...