More research is necessary to understand cerebral oxygen consumption as a predictive biomarker for brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, this study found that mitochondrial dysfunction ...

Synaptic injury in the IPL of the retina is linked to MS progression, with IPL thickness as a potential biomarker. Hypoxia in MS patients exacerbates inflammation and mitochondrial damage, ...

The symptoms of MS vary widely in location and severity among individuals. Common symptoms include fatigue, numbness, focal weakness, visual changes such as unilateral visual loss and diplopia, ...

Is multiple sclerosis (MS) in and of itself ever an etiology for headache? If so, what is the pathophysiology and reasonable treatment? MS is commonly associated with headaches, with a prevalence of ...

Among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, those with a high relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum together with other periodontal bacteria were more likely to have moderate to severe disability ...