Introduction: The paravertebral musculature is essential for the biomechanics and stability of the spine, and its involvement in the pathophysiology of spinal diseases has been demonstrated.

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a fundamental role in maintaining cell homeostasis and human life. The functionality of the heart and skeletal muscles is partially modulated by sympathetic ...

Abstract: In numerous fields that analyze the human body from a biomechanical perspective, the force of muscles could only be indirectly estimated through multiple hierarchical levels, and the ...

Abstract: Monitoring of muscle activities of human limbs is essential for designing controllers of wearable robotic devices such as prosthetics, orthotics and exoskeletons. Human-robot interaction ...