Once a year, adult male Asian and African elephants go through musth, or a period when their reproductive hormone levels—including testosterone—surge, and they act more aggressive and unpredictable.

"Because musth is associated with dramatically elevated testosterone in modern elephants, it provides a starting point for assessing the feasibility of using hormones preserved in tusk growth records ...

It’s no exaggeration to say African elephants are in the fight for their lives. Earlier this year, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species elevated African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) from ...