Abstract: An oscillator-based reconfigurable modulator is proposed to support multi-mode and fast modulation. A direct-modulation structure composed of the cross-coupled oscillator with the ...

Moreover, we discuss strategies for metadata selection and human evaluation to ensure the quality and effectiveness of ITDs. By integrating these elements, this tutorial provides a structured ...

Abstract: This article introduces a radial rectangular concentric grating (RRCG) backward wave oscillator (BWO). The design utilizes a radial sheet electron beam (RSEB). It aims to overcome the ...