Abstract: We report the effect of the double Rayleigh backscattering (DRB) noise, in which the interference of the signal light with the double Rayleigh backscattered light, on the fiber-optic ...

Abstract: In this paper, the far-field electromagnetic fields were calculated by using near-field/far-field (NF/FF) transformation technique from the near field finite-difference time domain (FDTD) ...

Mathematics provides tools for explanation and analysis in the physical, engineering, business and social sciences. These tools can help in areas as diverse as planning and evaluating market research, ...