Photo-reflectance spectroscopy enhances semiconductor quality control with sensitive, contactless measurements of band structure and electric fields in devices.

X-ray spectroscopy techniques (e.g. X-ray emission spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, etc.) are used in a variety of applications including in material science, astronomy, and biomedical.

Optical spectroscopy encompasses a wide variety of techniques used to study how matter interacts with light. Optical spectroscopy techniques are used in physics, astronomy, chemistry, biology, and ...