Abstract: Multimodal speech emotion recognition (SER) has emerged as pivotal for improving human–machine interaction. Researchers are increasingly leveraging both speech and textual information ...

Abstract: Modern progress in agentic and multimodal AI, including ReAct, HuggingGPT, and MM-ReAct, show that large language models can coordinate vision tools by using planner executor loops.

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently strengthened LLM reasoning, but its focus on final answer correctness leaves a critical gap: it does not ensure the robustness of the ...