A finite element model of the cervical spine, including vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and implants (cage and screws), was developed based on CT data from a healthy volunteer. Three ...

Abstract: Low back pain often involves paraspinal muscle degeneration. Rehabilitation robots can provide high-consistency exercise therapy, but current technologies face the challenge of delivering ...

Charley horses are muscle spasms that can happen anywhere, but they mostly affect the legs. Common causes include muscle fatigue, dehydration, and an imbalance of electrolytes. Athletes, children, and ...

Studies on the neurons of mice suggest our own human endurance may have more to do with the brain than our physique. Regular exercise strengthens muscles and improves endurance—but new research ...