Intermolecular Forces - Hydrogen Bonding, Dipole-Dipole, Ion-Dipole, London Dispersion Interactions

NexGenVideos on Instagram: "Ice removal is governed by Freezing Point Depression Theory, where the introduction of solutes—like sodium chloride or calcium chloride—disrupts the hydrogen bonding of water molecules to prevent them from organizing into a solid lattice. This chemical process creates a liquid brine that generates heat (exothermic reaction) and breaks the bond between ice and the pavement, allowing for easier mechanical removal. In January 2026, the industry has shifted toward "Smart