The Biological Algorithm: (Why DNA Demands a Designer) I. The Language of Life: 1s, 0s, and G-A-T-C In the world of computing, we understand that a "1" and a "0" are just physical states (on or off). They have no power unless they are arranged into an algorithm. In the same way, the four nucleotides of DNA—Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine—are just chemicals until they are arranged into a precise sequence. Digital Code: Uses a Base-2 system (Binary). Genetic Code: Uses a Base-4 system. Eac

This patent describes a proposed biological nano–Internet of Things (IoBNT) system that uses DNA molecules as the carrier, storage medium, and communication signal for information inside biological environments, such as the human body. The system combines biological nanosensors, DNA data encoding, DNA molecular communication, and nano-networking architectures to collect biological signals (like biomarkers), convert them into DNA sequences, transmit those sequences between nano-devices, and proce

Recent Advances in Biological Computing