Outhe most important formulas in civil engineering from study and practice. r selection of In Part 1, we list structural formulas that are also used by structural engineers and structural engineers in the structural analysis of buildings on a daily basis. Starting with the internal force of the bending moment, we explain what it is and how it is created. Then, we continue with the deflections and the cross-section properties that are important for the design of structural components. Finally, we

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), usually in the ratio of (CH₂O)ₙ. They are polyhydroxy aldehydes, ketones, or substances that yield these upon hydrolysis. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for living organisms and play structural and storage roles. --- Characteristics Composed of C, H, and O elements. General formula: (CH₂O)ₙ. Most are sweet in taste and soluble in water. --- Types 1. Monosaccharides Simplest sugars wit